Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	25
Number of observations	10053
Missing cells	12454
Missing cells (%)	5.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	1.4 MiB
Average record size in memory	151.0 B

Variable types

NUM	10
CAT	8
BOOL	7

Warnings

`property_subtype_median_facades` is highly correlated with `building_property_subtype_median_facades`	High correlation
`building_property_subtype_median_facades` is highly correlated with `property_subtype_median_facades`	High correlation
`building_state_median_price` is highly correlated with `building_state_agg`	High correlation
`building_state_agg` is highly correlated with `building_state_median_price`	High correlation
`building_property_subtype_median_facades` is highly correlated with `property_subtype` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`property_subtype` is highly correlated with `building_property_subtype_median_facades` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`property_subtype_median_facades` is highly correlated with `property_subtype` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`facades_number` has 9994 (99.4%) missing values	Missing
`building_property_subtype_median_facades` has 1230 (12.2%) missing values	Missing
`property_subtype_median_facades` has 1230 (12.2%) missing values	Missing
`garden_area` is highly skewed (γ1 = 28.71980321)	Skewed
`Unnamed: 0` has unique values	Unique
`rooms_number` has 249 (2.5%) zeros	Zeros
`terrace_area` has 5499 (54.7%) zeros	Zeros
`garden_area` has 7911 (78.7%) zeros	Zeros
`land_surface` has 5435 (54.1%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2020-11-20 11:13:25.865550
Analysis finished	2020-11-20 11:14:02.622503
Duration	36.76 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.9.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

Unnamed: 0
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	10053
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	5897.859942
Minimum	0
Maximum	11287
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	678.6
Q1	3138
median	6068
Q3	8679
95-th percentile	10761.4
Maximum	11287
Range	11287
Interquartile range (IQR)	5541

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3219.503486
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5458765582
Kurtosis	-1.172085138
Mean	5897.859942
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2760
Skewness	-0.09608453574
Sum	59291186
Variance	10365202.7
Monotocity	Strictly increasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2047	1	< 0.1%
3355	1	< 0.1%
7465	1	< 0.1%
5416	1	< 0.1%
9510	1	< 0.1%
3363	1	< 0.1%
7457	1	< 0.1%
5408	1	< 0.1%
9502	1	< 0.1%
1306	1	< 0.1%
Other values (10043)	10043	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
1	1	< 0.1%
2	1	< 0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11287	1	< 0.1%
11286	1	< 0.1%
11284	1	< 0.1%
11283	1	< 0.1%
11282	1	< 0.1%

source
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

6	9994
4	59

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6	9994	99.4%
4	59	0.6%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

postcode
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	812
Distinct (%)	8.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	4954.659206
Minimum	1000
Maximum	9992
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1000
5-th percentile	1040
Q1	1490
median	4500
Q3	8370
95-th percentile	9420
Maximum	9992
Range	8992
Interquartile range (IQR)	6880

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3187.617962
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6433576618
Kurtosis	-1.624508924
Mean	4954.659206
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3300
Skewness	0.09993177295
Sum	49809189
Variance	10160908.27
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8300	345	3.4%
1000	298	3.0%
9000	291	2.9%
1180	286	2.8%
1050	216	2.1%
8400	171	1.7%
4000	140	1.4%
1200	122	1.2%
1070	119	1.2%
1420	118	1.2%
Other values (802)	7947	79.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1000	298	3.0%
1020	46	0.5%
1030	112	1.1%
1040	67	0.7%
1050	216	2.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9992	1	< 0.1%
9991	1	< 0.1%
9990	9	0.1%
9988	3	< 0.1%
9981	1	< 0.1%

house_is
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.8 KiB

False	5029
True	5024

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	5029	50.0%
True	5024	50.0%

property_subtype
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	23
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

APARTMENT	3727
HOUSE	3099
VILLA	567
MIXED_USE_BUILDING	547
APARTMENT_BLOCK	454
Other values (18)	1659

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
APARTMENT	3727	37.1%
HOUSE	3099	30.8%
VILLA	567	5.6%
MIXED_USE_BUILDING	547	5.4%
APARTMENT_BLOCK	454	4.5%
DUPLEX	367	3.7%
PENTHOUSE	297	3.0%
GROUND_FLOOR	266	2.6%
FLAT_STUDIO	202	2.0%
MANSION	113	1.1%
Other values (13)	414	4.1%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	1 ?
Unique (%)	< 0.1%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	20
Median length	9
Mean length	8.368049339
Min length	3

price
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	1207
Distinct (%)	12.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	371368.8246
Minimum	25000
Maximum	1396000
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	25000
5-th percentile	125000
Q1	215000
median	299000
Q3	450000
95-th percentile	860000
Maximum	1396000
Range	1371000
Interquartile range (IQR)	235000

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	236721.1506
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6374287094
Kurtosis	3.488524833
Mean	371368.8246
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	104000
Skewness	1.742836437
Sum	3733370794
Variance	5.603690315e+10
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
295000	140	1.4%
299000	135	1.3%
225000	133	1.3%
395000	126	1.3%
199000	126	1.3%
249000	120	1.2%
275000	118	1.2%
325000	103	1.0%
250000	98	1.0%
245000	98	1.0%
Other values (1197)	8856	88.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
25000	1	< 0.1%
30000	2	< 0.1%
39000	2	< 0.1%
40000	1	< 0.1%
45000	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1396000	1	< 0.1%
1395000	17	0.2%
1390000	7	0.1%
1385000	4	< 0.1%
1380000	2	< 0.1%

rooms_number
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	7
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2.764547896
Minimum	0
Maximum	6
Zeros	249
Zeros (%)	2.5%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	3
Q3	3
95-th percentile	5
Maximum	6
Range	6
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.247029294
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4510789254
Kurtosis	0.1485538856
Mean	2.764547896
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	0.3751681032
Sum	27792
Variance	1.55508206
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=7)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	3176	31.6%
3	3171	31.5%
4	1497	14.9%
1	1037	10.3%
5	636	6.3%
6	287	2.9%
0	249	2.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	249	2.5%
1	1037	10.3%
2	3176	31.6%
3	3171	31.5%
4	1497	14.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6	287	2.9%
5	636	6.3%
4	1497	14.9%
3	3171	31.5%
2	3176	31.6%

area
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	427
Distinct (%)	4.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	155.398488
Minimum	5
Maximum	470
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	5
5-th percentile	56
Q1	93
median	135
Q3	200
95-th percentile	330
Maximum	470
Range	465
Interquartile range (IQR)	107

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	84.26146565
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5422283494
Kurtosis	1.151725891
Mean	155.398488
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	48
Skewness	1.150419671
Sum	1562221
Variance	7099.994594
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
120	216	2.1%
100	208	2.1%
90	203	2.0%
150	202	2.0%
200	189	1.9%
110	170	1.7%
80	170	1.7%
160	168	1.7%
130	156	1.6%
140	154	1.5%
Other values (417)	8217	81.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	2	< 0.1%
15	2	< 0.1%
16	4	< 0.1%
17	4	< 0.1%
18	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
470	10	0.1%
468	1	< 0.1%
467	1	< 0.1%
465	1	< 0.1%
462	1	< 0.1%

equipped_kitchen_has
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.8 KiB

True	8480
False	1573

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
True	8480	84.4%
False	1573	15.6%

furnished
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.8 KiB

False	9687
True	366

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	9687	96.4%
True	366	3.6%

open_fire
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.8 KiB

False	9486
True	567

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	9486	94.4%
True	567	5.6%

terrace
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.8 KiB

True	6713
False	3340

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
True	6713	66.8%
False	3340	33.2%

terrace_area
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	134
Distinct (%)	1.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	11.10156172
Minimum	0
Maximum	708
Zeros	5499
Zeros (%)	54.7%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	15
95-th percentile	50
Maximum	708
Range	708
Interquartile range (IQR)	15

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	22.84805366
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.058093648
Kurtosis	129.7892583
Mean	11.10156172
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	7.26852841
Sum	111604
Variance	522.0335561
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5499	54.7%
20	274	2.7%
10	252	2.5%
15	224	2.2%
8	206	2.0%
30	197	2.0%
6	187	1.9%
12	187	1.9%
25	173	1.7%
4	154	1.5%
Other values (124)	2700	26.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5499	54.7%
1	27	0.3%
2	83	0.8%
3	127	1.3%
4	154	1.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
708	1	< 0.1%
450	1	< 0.1%
400	1	< 0.1%
350	1	< 0.1%
330	1	< 0.1%

garden
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.8 KiB

False	7911
True	2142

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	7911	78.7%
True	2142	21.3%

garden_area
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	586
Distinct (%)	5.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	124.184721
Minimum	0
Maximum	40000
Zeros	7911
Zeros (%)	78.7%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	613.2
Maximum	40000
Range	40000
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	860.1838449
Coefficient of variation (CV)	6.926647966
Kurtosis	1125.943137
Mean	124.184721
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	28.71980321
Sum	1248429
Variance	739916.2471
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	7911	78.7%
100	84	0.8%
50	57	0.6%
300	54	0.5%
200	53	0.5%
400	47	0.5%
500	44	0.4%
150	42	0.4%
30	40	0.4%
1	38	0.4%
Other values (576)	1683	16.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	7911	78.7%
1	38	0.4%
2	1	< 0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
5	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
40000	2	< 0.1%
29400	1	< 0.1%
17800	1	< 0.1%
15601	2	< 0.1%
15000	1	< 0.1%

land_surface
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	1430
Distinct (%)	14.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	292.9476773
Minimum	0
Maximum	4170
Zeros	5435
Zeros (%)	54.1%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	312
95-th percentile	1500
Maximum	4170
Range	4170
Interquartile range (IQR)	312

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	576.0962548
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.96655
Kurtosis	10.9323011
Mean	292.9476773
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	3.058475153
Sum	2945003
Variance	331886.8948
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5435	54.1%
150	50	0.5%
100	49	0.5%
120	44	0.4%
110	40	0.4%
200	40	0.4%
70	38	0.4%
90	35	0.3%
160	35	0.3%
300	34	0.3%
Other values (1420)	4253	42.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5435	54.1%
1	8	0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%
5	1	< 0.1%
6	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4170	1	< 0.1%
4126	1	< 0.1%
4100	1	< 0.1%
4065	1	< 0.1%
4000	3	< 0.1%

facades_number
Categorical

MISSING

Distinct	4
Distinct (%)	6.8%
Missing	9994
Missing (%)	99.4%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

2	27
3	18
4	12
1	2

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	27	0.3%
3	18	0.2%
4	12	0.1%
1	2	< 0.1%
(Missing)	9994	99.4%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

swimming_pool_has
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	9.8 KiB

False	9871
True	182

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	9871	98.2%
True	182	1.8%

region
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

F	5089
W	3102
B	1862

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
F	5089	50.6%
W	3102	30.9%
B	1862	18.5%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

building_state_agg
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

good	7581
to_renovate	1745
renovated	727

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
good	7581	75.4%
to_renovate	1745	17.4%
renovated	727	7.2%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	11
Median length	4
Mean length	5.576643788
Min length	4

postcode_median_price
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	402
Distinct (%)	4.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	335273.9037
Minimum	65000
Maximum	1350000
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	65000
5-th percentile	167500
Q1	237500
median	298400
Q3	399000
95-th percentile	620000
Maximum	1350000
Range	1285000
Interquartile range (IQR)	161500

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	136471.0566
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4070434804
Kurtosis	0.6017389488
Mean	335273.9037
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	73400
Skewness	0.9867318184
Sum	3370508554
Variance	1.86243493e+10
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
649000	345	3.4%
399000	312	3.1%
379000	293	2.9%
560000	286	2.8%
225000	271	2.7%
235000	218	2.2%
601000	216	2.1%
269000	186	1.9%
325000	181	1.8%
295000	164	1.6%
Other values (392)	7581	75.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
65000	1	< 0.1%
70000	1	< 0.1%
79500	1	< 0.1%
92000	1	< 0.1%
98000	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1350000	1	< 0.1%
1150000	1	< 0.1%
925000	5	< 0.1%
845000	1	< 0.1%
799000	1	< 0.1%

building_state_median_price
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

320000	7581
230000	1745
310000	727

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
320000	7581	75.4%
230000	1745	17.4%
310000	727	7.2%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	8
Median length	8
Mean length	8
Min length	8

property_subtype_median_price
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	22
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	316466.8756
Minimum	118000
Maximum	652500
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	118000
5-th percentile	282500
Q1	282500
median	288000
Q3	310000
95-th percentile	540000
Maximum	652500
Range	534500
Interquartile range (IQR)	27500

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	80490.29644
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2543403517
Kurtosis	3.923005571
Mean	316466.8756
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	5500
Skewness	1.960431562
Sum	3181441500
Variance	6478687820
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=22)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
282500	3727	37.1%
288000	3099	30.8%
540000	567	5.6%
310000	547	5.4%
357500	454	4.5%
325000	367	3.7%
495000	297	3.0%
315000	266	2.6%
149000	202	2.0%
525000	113	1.1%
Other values (12)	414	4.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
118000	5	< 0.1%
122000	5	< 0.1%
149000	202	2.0%
238000	75	0.7%
282500	3727	37.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
652500	62	0.6%
540000	567	5.6%
535000	1	< 0.1%
525000	113	1.1%
495000	297	3.0%

building_property_subtype_median_facades
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	1230
Missing (%)	12.2%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

2	4589
3	3605
4	629

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	4589	45.6%
3	3605	35.9%
4	629	6.3%
(Missing)	1230	12.2%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

property_subtype_median_facades
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
MISSING

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	1230
Missing (%)	12.2%
Memory size	78.5 KiB

2	4589
3	3605
4	629

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	4589	45.6%
3	3605	35.9%
4	629	6.3%
(Missing)	1230	12.2%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

First rows

	Unnamed: 0	source	postcode	house_is	property_subtype	price	rooms_number	area	equipped_kitchen_has	furnished	open_fire	terrace	terrace_area	garden	garden_area	land_surface	facades_number	swimming_pool_has	region	building_state_agg	postcode_median_price	building_state_median_price	property_subtype_median_price	building_property_subtype_median_facades	property_subtype_median_facades
0	0	6	4180	True	MIXED_USE_BUILDING	295000.0	3.0	242.0	True	False	False	True	36.0	True	1000.0	1403.0	NaN	False	W	good	229000.0	320000.0	310000.0	2.0	2.0
1	1	6	8730	True	VILLA	675000.0	4.0	349.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	True	977.0	1526.0	NaN	False	F	good	241000.0	320000.0	540000.0	4.0	4.0
2	2	6	4020	True	APARTMENT_BLOCK	250000.0	5.0	303.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	False	0.0	760.0	NaN	False	W	to_renovate	195000.0	230000.0	357500.0	NaN	NaN
3	3	6	1200	True	HOUSE	545000.0	4.0	235.0	True	True	False	False	0.0	False	0.0	63.0	NaN	False	B	renovated	445000.0	310000.0	288000.0	3.0	3.0
4	4	6	1190	True	MIXED_USE_BUILDING	500000.0	2.0	220.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	True	60.0	193.0	NaN	False	B	good	360000.0	320000.0	310000.0	2.0	2.0
5	5	6	4040	True	HOUSE	189000.0	3.0	200.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	True	40.0	100.0	NaN	False	W	to_renovate	229000.0	230000.0	288000.0	3.0	3.0
6	6	6	4540	True	MIXED_USE_BUILDING	465000.0	4.0	400.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	False	0.0	312.0	NaN	False	W	good	175000.0	320000.0	310000.0	2.0	2.0
7	7	6	1150	True	APARTMENT_BLOCK	650000.0	4.0	200.0	True	False	False	True	4.0	True	150.0	301.0	NaN	False	B	good	620000.0	320000.0	357500.0	NaN	NaN
8	8	6	6870	True	MIXED_USE_BUILDING	89000.0	3.0	180.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	False	0.0	96.0	NaN	False	W	to_renovate	124700.0	230000.0	310000.0	2.0	2.0
9	9	6	4030	True	MIXED_USE_BUILDING	129000.0	3.0	156.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	False	0.0	71.0	NaN	False	W	to_renovate	190000.0	230000.0	310000.0	2.0	2.0

Last rows

	Unnamed: 0	source	postcode	house_is	property_subtype	price	rooms_number	area	equipped_kitchen_has	furnished	open_fire	terrace	terrace_area	garden	facades_number	swimming_pool_has	region	building_state_agg	postcode_median_price	building_state_median_price	property_subtype_median_price	building_property_subtype_median_facades	property_subtype_median_facades
10043	11277	4	9690	False	APARTMENT	315000.0	3.0	192.0	True	False	False	True	48.0	False	3.0	False	F	renovated	299000.0	310000.0	282500.0	2.0	2.0
10044	11278	4	8300	False	APARTMENT	490000.0	2.0	91.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	False	2.0	False	F	good	649000.0	320000.0	282500.0	2.0	2.0
10045	11279	4	8800	False	APARTMENT	265000.0	3.0	138.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	False	2.0	False	F	good	240000.0	320000.0	282500.0	2.0	2.0
10046	11280	4	6000	False	APARTMENT	99000.0	2.0	91.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	False	2.0	False	W	to_renovate	154500.0	230000.0	282500.0	2.0	2.0
10047	11281	4	2950	False	LOFT	410000.0	3.0	150.0	True	False	False	True	41.0	False	3.0	False	F	good	343500.0	320000.0	422000.0	3.0	3.0
10048	11282	4	4000	False	APARTMENT	245000.0	2.0	103.0	False	False	False	True	5.0	False	2.0	False	W	good	225000.0	320000.0	282500.0	2.0	2.0
10049	11283	4	8790	False	APARTMENT	250000.0	1.0	300.0	False	False	False	False	0.0	False	2.0	False	F	good	257000.0	320000.0	282500.0	2.0	2.0
10050	11284	4	2018	False	APARTMENT	298000.0	1.0	71.0	True	False	False	True	12.0	False	1.0	False	F	good	443475.0	320000.0	282500.0	2.0	2.0
10051	11286	4	2000	False	FLAT_STUDIO	150000.0	1.0	40.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	False	2.0	False	F	to_renovate	497000.0	230000.0	149000.0	2.0	2.0
10052	11287	4	2060	False	APARTMENT	228009.0	2.0	80.0	True	False	False	False	0.0	False	2.0	False	F	good	299000.0	320000.0	282500.0	2.0	2.0

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Cramér's V (φc)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows